This paper reports the plasma discharge analysis of a dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) source. Helium is used as a working gas. The analysis is performed at fixed working pressure and operating frequency. The investigations are carried out using sinusoidal supply for the generation of discharges where two current pulses have been observed with different polarities in one period. A homogeneous type of discharge has been observed for different operating conditions in this DBD source. Sincein situ diagnostics are not possible due to the small geometries in the used DBD source, the electrical measurements and spectroscopic analysis of the discharge have been performed to analyse the plasma discharge. The electrical analysis has been carried out using equivalent electrical circuit model.The plasma density and temperature within the discharge have been estimated using line ratio technique of the observed visible neutral helium lines. The estimated electron plasma density is found to be in close PROximity with the plasma simulation code ‘OOPIC PRO’.

The non-overt subject of the infinitive clause is represented by the element PRO, an NP which appears to be syntactically active without overt manifestation. Although PRO is a part of architecture of GB, no coherent account of this element can be found in Persian. The stipulation of PRO by Iranian grammarians both traditional and modern has been in vain due to two dilemmas: first the nature of non-finite clause in Persian, and second, finding ungoverned position for PRO. After all, syntactic, semantic and morphological behavior of Masdsar in Persian supports its constituency nature in favor of being a non-finite clause. Subsequent to introducing the non-finite clause in Persian, there will be a room to account for the existence of PRO. Of considerable importance is the justification that non-finite clauses are CPs not IPs, which makes it possible to find an ungoverned position for the distribution of PRO.

For the study of atomic systems, first introduced by Feichtinger et al. Gavruta presented K-frames on Hilbert spaces. K-frames are a kind of frames in sense that the lower frame bound only holds for the elements in the range of the K, where K is a bounded linear operator in Hilbert space. C*-algebra whose topology is induced by a family of continuous C*-seminorms instead of a C*-norm is called PRO-C*-algebra. Hilbert PRO-C*-modules are generalizations of Hilbert spaces by allowing the inner PROduct to take values in a PRO-C*-algebra rather than in the field of complex numbers. In this paper, the sequences whose elements are adjointable operators from PRO-C*-algebra into Hilbert PRO-C*-module is called the sequence of multipliers. We introduce the concept atomic systems and K-frame of multipliers in Hilbert PRO-C*-modules and for more information, we give an example of K-frames. We obtain a condition that sequences of multipliers is frame, also we investigate the relationship between atomic systems and K-frames with each other and the frame of multipliers. If K is a bounded operator with certain conditions then every K-frame of multipliers is a frame of multipliers in Hilbert PRO-C*-module. Also, we investigate some of the PROperties of these concepts, such as the combination of operators with K-frames in Hilbert PRO-C*-module.

Background and Aim: Today several materials have been used for root- end filling in endodontic surgery. Optimal PROperties of PRO Root MTA in in-vitro and in-vivo studies have been PROven. On the other hand, based on some studies, Root MTA (Iranian PRO Root MTA) and Portland cement are similar to PRO Root MTA in physical and biologic PROperties. The aim of this study was to evaluate bacterial leakage (amount and mean leakage time) of four root- end filling materials. Materials and Methods: In this experimental in-vitro study, seventy six extracted single- rooted human teeth were randomly divided into six groups for root-end filling with gray PRO Root MTA, white PRO Root MTA, Root MTA (Iranian PRO Root MTA), Portland Cement (type I) and positive and negative control groups. Root canals were instrumented using the step- back technique. Root- end filling materials were placed in 3mm ultra sonic retro preparations. Samples and microleakage model system were sterilized in autoclave. The apical 3-4 mm of the roots were immersed in phenol red with 3% lactose broth culture medium. The coronal access of each specimen was inoculated every 24h with a suspension of Streptococcus sanguis (ATCC 10556). Culture media were observed every 24h for color change indicating bacterial contamination for 60 days. Statistical analysis was performed using log- rank test with P<0.05 as the limit of significance. Results: At the end of study 50%, 56.25%, 56.25% and 50% of specimens filled with Gray PRO Root MTA, White PRO Root MTA. Root MTA and Portland Cement (type I) had evidence of leakage respectively. The mean leakage time was 37.19±6.29, 36.44±5.81, 37.69±5.97 and 34.81±6.67 days respectively. Statistical analysis of data showed no significant difference among the leakage (amount and mean leakage time) of the four tested root- end filling materials (P=0.9958). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, there were no significant differences in leakage among the four tested groups at 60 days. The results suggest that Root MTA and Portland Cement can be used as less expensive root filling materials.

This experimental study investigates Persian learners’ clustering acquisition of overt obligatory subjects (PRO) and PRO in infinitival clauses in English as L2. Research has indicated that there are certain correlations between superficially unrelated linguistic phenomena in L1 acquisition that are interpreted as the clustering effects of one on the other. For instance, in German L1 acquisition, there is evidence for a clustering acquisition of subject-verb agreement and the decrease of (incorrect) null subjects (Clahsen and Hong, 1995). So, it might be argued that the same correlations happen in L2 acquisition. As a result, the present research will report on a grammaticality judgment test (GJT) investigating the clustering appearance of obligatory overt subjects and infinitival clauses in 60 Persian learners of English divided in three PROficiency levels, each level consisting of ten early starters and ten late starters. Our findings show that the two phenomena accompany each other in the Persian learners indicating that overt obligatory subjects and infinitival clauses in L2 are acquired through the PROcess of clustering effects, rather than separately. Moreover, we observed no difference between the performance of early and late starters with respect to clustering acquisition of the above linguistic variables.

Background: In view of the high morbidity and mortality of patients with congestive heart failure, early diagnosis is of paramount importance. To assess the diagnostic and PROgnostic utility of plasma levels of the NT-PRO BNP in patients presenting with heart failure this study was carried out.Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on patients with heart failure admitted in the cardiology ward of Taleghani Medical Center during a certain period from 2005- 2006. Subjects with acute coronary syndrome, hyperthyroidism, renal failure (GFR< 60), severe valvular stenosis, severe pulmonary disease, ARDS, hepatic cirrhosis, primary hyperaldosteronism and the candidates for heart transplant were excluded from the study. Blood samples were collected and plasma levels of NT-PRO BNP were measured by ELISA method (Biomedica- crop, Bratislava Slovakia). Results were documented and analyzed using SPSS software. Mann- Whitheny and KrusKall-Wallis tests were utilized for analysis. Values were analyzed for confounding variables (e.g age, sex, blood pressure, and ischemic heart disease and NYHA class). Results: 79 patients full filled the criteria of inclusion. 70% were males and mean age of patients was 63 ±14 years. Mean plasma NT-PRO BNP level was 421±387. In subjects < 60 years of age, the mean levels were 309±300, and among those ³60 years it was 486±419, (P< 0.05). With advancing clinical stage, the mean plasma level of NT-PRO BNP increased 6 folds, (p<0.01), whereas with advancing NYHA class it increased 4 folds (P< 0.01).Conclusion: It seems that plasma NT-PRO BNP level is a suitable indicators of the severity of heart failure.

Analyzing the Case of PRO has always been a challenge to the theory of language since the onset of generative tradition. Based on the PRO Theorem, the GB grammarians considered this empty category to lack Case totally. However, this conception, together with the use of the theory of government made PRO different from all other nominal elements. In order to avoid this, the Null Case Hypothesis at the beginning of the Minimalist PROgram, considered PRO to have Case to be checked against the T head of the embedded clause in control constructions. Nonetheless, the lack of content to this conception of Case made it the subject of criticism both from theoretical and empirical viewpoints. Finally, it was argued that, if PRO can receive Case, then it has a standard Case similar to other overt nominal elements. This study, therefore, analyses the previous conceptions about PRO in Persian and shows that this empty category has a standard structural Case, checked against the T head within the finite subjunctive clauses.